MicroRNAs: short non-coding players in cancer chemoresistance

Table 1 miRNAs involved in chemoresistance

Pathway	microRNA	Target gene	Effect on chemoresistance	Cancer type	Reference
APOPTOSIS	miR-125b	p53 Bak	Resistance to doxorubicin, vincristin, etoposide, mafosfamide	Ewing sarcoma/pri itive neuroectodermal tumor	[24]
	miR-34a	SIRT1	Sensitivity to camptothecin	Prostate cancer	[27]
	miR-128-2	E2F5	Resistance to cisplatin, doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracile	Lung cancer	[39]
	miR-223	STMN-1	Sensitivity to cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil	Breast cancer, colon cancer	[40]
	miR-21, miR-221, miR-214	PTEN	Resistance to gemcitabine, cisplatin, gefitinib	Malignant human cholangiocytes, gastric cancer osteosarcoma, ovarian cancer, lung cancer	[42–48]
DNA REPAIR	miR-155, miR-21	MSH2, MSH6	Resistance to 5‒fluorouracil	Colorectal cancer	[16, 17]
	miR-138	H2AX	Sensitivity to cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil	Osteosarcoma	[18]
	miR-18a	ATM	Sensitivity to etoposide	Colorectal cancer	[19]
	miR-182	BRAC1	Sensitivity to PARP1 inhibitor	Breast cancer	[21]
MDR	miR-298, miR-27a, miR‒331‒5p	P-gp	Sensitivity to doxorubicin	Breast cancer, leukaemia	[66, 69]
	miR-19a/b,	PTEN	Resistance to cisplatin, doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil	Gastric cancer	[67]
	miR-451	-	Resistance to vinblastin	Ovarian cancer	[68]
	miR-326	MRP1	Sensitivity to VP-16	Breast cancer	[70]
	miR-520 h, miR-519c, miR‒328	BCRP	Sensitivity to mitoxantrone	Hematopoietic stem cell, lung cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer	[71–73]
DRUG METABOLISM	miR-27b	CYP1B1	Induction	Breast cancer	[74]
	miR-148a	CYP34A	Induction	Liver cancer	[75]

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