Antigen | HLA-restriction | Hematologic Malignancy†| Immunotherapeutic Potential |
---|---|---|---|
CD19 | No | ALL, CLL, Lymphoma | 1) Common to several lymphoid malignancies |
2) Highly potent effectors have been developed | |||
3) Cell surface protein that does not require processing or MHC presentation | |||
4) Anti-leukemia effects must be balanced with toxicity against normal B cells | |||
WT-1 | Yes | AML, CML, MDS, ALL | 1) Has been studied primarily in myeloid hematologic malignancies, although recent work suggests its potential in lymphoid malignancies[222] |
2) Minimal expression in normal tissues | |||
3) Requires intracellular processing and antigen presentation | |||
Lewis Y | No | AML, MM | 1) At this time, studies are limited to AML and MM |
2) Studies to date have shown moderate potency against malignant cells | |||
3) May be limited by GI toxicity | |||
κ Light Chain | No | CLL, lymphoma, MM | 1) Limited to lymphoid malignancies and MM |
2) Still in early stages of development, therefore potency is difficult to assess | |||
mHA | Yes | Applicable to all hematologic malignancies | 1) Potent immune responses against malignant cells, including stem cells |
2) May also trigger GvHD | |||
3) Limited by the frequency of the minor allele in the population | |||
4) Difficult to predict off-target tissue expression | |||
BCR-ABL | Yes | CML | 1) Limited studies using ACT to target BCR-ABL in the era of tyrosine kinase inhibitors |
2) Mainly useful in CML and possibly Ph+ ALL |